Hayat Ashraf

Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms that every person is inherently entitled to, simply by being human. These rights encompass a broad range of principles and values, often expressed in international documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They include civil and political rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and freedom of expression, as well as economic, social, and cultural rights, like the right to work, education, and health. Human rights are universal, inalienable, and indivisible, meaning they apply to everyone, cannot be taken away, and are interconnected. The protection and promotion of human rights are essential for fostering dignity, equality, and justice in societies worldwide.

Natural rights, as a concept rooted in political philosophy,   Historical Context: 1. Lockean Foundation:    - John Locke's influential treatises, such as "Two Treatises of Government," form a cornerstone for natural rights.    - Locke posited that individuals have inherent rights to life, liberty, and property, forming the basis of natural rights. 2. Social Contract Theory:    - Locke's social contract theory asserts that individuals, in a hypothetical state of nature, form societies to protect their natural rights.    - Governments derive legitimacy from the consent of individuals and exist to secure these rights. Philosophical Perspectives: 3. Hobbesian Alternative:    - Thomas Hobbes presented an alternative view, arguing for a strong central authority to avoid the chaos of the state of nature.    - His focus was on self-preservation and the necessity of ceding certain rights for social order. 4. Rousseau's Commun...