Hayat Ashraf

Nature and Scope of First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) Voting System 1. Nature of FPTP  Simple and Winner-Takes-All FPTP is a straightforward electoral system where voters in each constituency choose one candidate, and the candidate with the most votes wins, even if they don't have an absolute majority.   Majoritarian Focus It emphasizes a majoritarian approach, favoring candidates who can secure the highest number of votes, potentially leading to clear winners and stable governments. 2. Scope of FPTP  Localized Representation  FPTP operates at the constituency level, providing a direct link between voters and their representatives. Each constituency elects its own representative, enhancing local representation.  Common in Westminster Systems  FPTP is widely used in Westminster-style parliamentary systems, including the United Kingdom, Canada, and India, where the candidate with the most votes in each constituency wins a seat in the legislature.  P...

Proportional Representation (PR) Fostering Fairness, Diversity, and Stable Governance Introduction: Proportional Representation (PR) stands as a cornerstone in the democratic architecture of many nations, embodying the principle of fair representation and inclusivity. This electoral system, characterized by the proportional allocation of seats based on the percentage of votes received, is designed to ensure that the legislative body mirrors the diverse political opinions within the electorate. Nature of Proportional Representation: 1. Representation by Proportion:    PR fundamentally rests on the concept of proportionality, linking the distribution of seats in the legislative body directly to the share of votes each political party or candidate garners. This core principle aims to prevent discrepancies between popular support and legislative representation. 2. Multi-Member Districts:    The implementation of PR often involves larger electoral ...