Hayat Ashraf

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) play a significant role in the field of biotechnology, as they are crucial for protecting the innovations, inventions, and discoveries made in this area. Biotechnology involves the use of biological systems, organisms, or derivatives to develop products and processes for various applications, including healthcare, agriculture, environmental remediation, and industrial production. IPR in biotechnology primarily revolves around patents, though other forms of IPR, such as copyrights and trade secrets, may also apply in certain cases. Here are some key aspects of IPR in biotechnology, particularly regarding patents: 1. Patents in Biotechnology: Patents grant inventors the exclusive rights to their inventions for a limited period, generally 20 years from the date of filing the patent application. In biotechnology, patents can be obtained for various innovations, such as:    a. Genes and Genetic Sequences: Patents can be granted for isolated genes,...