Hayat Ashraf

ELISA stands for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and it is a widely used laboratory technique in biology and immunology to detect and quantify the presence of specific substances, such as proteins, peptides, antibodies, hormones, and antigens, in a sample. ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interactions. Here's how the ELISA process typically works: 1. Coating: The first step involves immobilizing the antigen (or antibody) of interest onto the surface of a solid support, such as a microtiter plate or a membrane. 2. Blocking: To prevent any non-specific binding, the next step involves blocking the remaining uncoated surface sites on the solid support with a blocking agent, commonly bovine serum albumin (BSA) or milk proteins. 3. Incubation: The sample (containing the analyte of interest) is added to the coated and blocked wells. If the analyte is present, it will bind to the immobilized capture molecule (e.g., an antibody) on the surface. 4. Washing: After an app...