Heat balance refers to the equilibrium or balance of energy entering and leaving a system, such as an object, a building, or the Earth's climate system. It involves the accounting of all the incoming and outgoing forms of energy to determine if there is a net gain or loss of heat. In a heat balance, energy can enter a system through various mechanisms, including: 1. Solar radiation: The Sun emits electromagnetic radiation, and a portion of this radiation reaches the Earth's surface, where it is absorbed, reflected, or transmitted. Solar radiation is a significant heat input for many systems. 2. Conduction: Heat can be transferred through direct physical contact between objects or substances with different temperatures. Energy flows from the higher temperature region to the lower temperature region until equilibrium is reached. 3. Convection: Convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquid or gas). It occurs when heated molecules in a fluid become...