The general circulation of the atmosphere refers to the global-scale patterns of atmospheric motion driven by the unequal heating of the Earth's surface. These patterns give rise to the planetary winds, which are the dominant winds found at different latitudes. The general circulation consists of six major wind belts that encircle the Earth: 1. Equatorial Low-Pressure Belt (Doldrums): Near the equator, intense solar radiation heats the air, causing it to rise and create a region of low pressure. This results in the formation of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) or the Doldrums. The air rises and expands, leading to the development of cumulonimbus clouds and frequent thunderstorms. The air then flows poleward in the upper atmosphere. 2. Trade Winds: The air that rises in the equatorial region diverges in the upper atmosphere and flows towards the poles. As the air moves away from the equator, it gradually descends around 30 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. Due to the C...
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