Hayat Ashraf

Vaccination and immunization are closely related concepts that play a crucial role in protecting individuals and communities from infectious diseases. Vaccination: Vaccination refers to the process of administering vaccines to stimulate the immune system and develop immunity against specific diseases. Vaccines contain weakened, inactivated, or pieces of the disease-causing microorganisms (pathogens) or their toxins. When a person is vaccinated, the immune system recognizes these harmless antigens in the vaccine as foreign invaders and mounts an immune response. This response includes the production of antibodies and memory cells that "remember" the pathogen. If the person is later exposed to the actual disease-causing pathogen, their immune system can quickly recognize and mount a strong defense to neutralize or eliminate the pathogen before it causes illness. Immunization: Immunization is the process of becoming immune or protected against a particular disease through vaccin...