Hayat Ashraf

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and its propagation through various mediums. It encompasses the study of both visible light and non-visible forms of electromagnetic radiation, such as ultraviolet, infrared, and X-rays. Optics plays a fundamental role in understanding and developing technologies such as lenses, cameras, telescopes, microscopes, fiber optics, and lasers. Here are some key concepts and phenomena in optics: 1. Reflection: Reflection occurs when light bounces off the surface of an object. The angle of incidence (the angle between the incident ray and the normal to the surface) is equal to the angle of reflection (the angle between the reflected ray and the normal). Mirrors and shiny surfaces exhibit specular reflection, where light is reflected in a specific direction, while rough surfaces show diffuse reflection, where light scatters in various directions. 2. Refraction: Refraction is...