Hayat Ashraf

India Constitution:  All Articles (1-395), Parts and Schedules Indian Constitution Introduction In the Beginning, the British came to India in 1600 as traders, in the form of East India company, later on, they got the exclusive right to trade in India under a charter granted by Queen Elizabeth I. In 1765, the Company, which till now had purely trading functions obtained the ‘diwani’ (i.e., rights over revenue and civil justice) of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. This started its career as a territorial power. In 1858, in the wake of the ‘sepoy mutiny’, the British Crown assumed direct responsibility for the governance of India. This rule continued until India was granted independence on August 15, 1947. With Independence came the need of a Constitution. As suggested by M N. Roy (a pioneer of the communist movement in India) in 1934, a constituent assembly was formed for this purpose in 1946 and on January 26, 1950, the constitution came into being. However, various features o...

The Constitution of India is an extensive document with 395 articles spread across 22 parts, alongside 12 schedules.  PREAMBLE WE,  THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. PART I: The Union and its Territory - Articles 1 to 4 cover the Union, states, and new state formations. PART II: Citizenship - Articles 5 to 11 deal with citizenship issues. PART III: Fundamental Rights - Articles 12 to 35 provide fundamental rights to citizens. PART IV: Directive Principles...