Hayat Ashraf

Genetics is the scientific study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms. It explores how traits are passed down from one generation to the next, how genetic information is encoded and transmitted, and how it influences the development, behavior, and functioning of organisms. Here are some key concepts and components of genetics: 1. Genes: Genes are segments of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that contain the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. They are the fundamental units of heredity. Genes determine specific traits, such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to certain diseases. Each organism possesses a unique combination of genes that make up its genetic makeup or genome. 2. DNA: DNA is a double-stranded molecule that carries the genetic information in nearly all living organisms. It consists of four nucleotide bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The sequence of these bases forms the genetic code, which determines the in...