Hayat Ashraf

The changing needs of education in India are driven by various factors, including societal, economic, technological, and global developments. Here are some key aspects highlighting the changing needs of education in India: 1. Skill Development: With the evolving job market and increasing demand for a skilled workforce, there is a growing emphasis on imparting practical and job-oriented skills through education. There is a need to align educational curricula with the requirements of industries and equip students with skills that are relevant in the current and future job market. 2. Digital Literacy and Technology Integration: In today's digital age, there is a pressing need to foster digital literacy among students. The integration of technology in education has become crucial to provide students with the necessary digital skills and prepare them for a technology-driven world. This includes access to digital tools, online learning platforms, and the development of digital competency...

Gender reservation in India's urban local bodies, which refers to the reservation of seats for women in local governance institutions such as municipal corporations and councils, has had several significant impacts. Here are some key impacts of gender reservation in India's urban local bodies: 1. Women's Political Representation: Gender reservation has increased women's political representation at the grassroots level. It has provided opportunities for women to participate in decision-making processes and contribute to the development of their communities. By occupying reserved seats, women have a platform to voice their concerns, advocate for gender-specific issues, and shape policies that promote gender equality. 2. Empowerment and Leadership Development: Gender reservation has empowered women by giving them a chance to actively engage in politics and governance. It has provided a platform for women to develop leadership skills, build networks, and gain experience in ...

Moral policing in India refers to the actions of self-appointed individuals or groups who take it upon themselves to enforce their interpretation of moral and cultural values in society. These individuals or groups often engage in vigilantism and attempt to control the behavior, clothing, choices, and personal lives of others based on their subjective notions of morality. Moral policing is not officially sanctioned by the government or law enforcement agencies but is driven by societal and cultural norms. Here are some key points to understand moral policing in India: 1. Cultural and social factors: Moral policing often stems from deeply rooted cultural and social norms in India. These norms vary across different regions and communities, and certain groups may feel compelled to enforce their version of morality upon others. 2. Targeted behavior: Moral policing in India commonly targets actions such as public displays of affection, interfaith relationships, clothing choices, consumption...

The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) is a flagship program of the Government of India launched in 2019. Its primary objective is to provide piped water supply (Har Ghar Jal) to all rural households in India by 2024. The mission aims to ensure the availability of clean and safe drinking water to improve the overall quality of life in rural areas. Key features of the Jal Jeevan Mission: 1. Coverage: The mission aims to cover all rural households in India with piped water supply, thereby eliminating the need for people to fetch water from distant sources. 2. Community participation: The mission emphasizes community participation, wherein local communities are involved in planning, implementation, operation, and maintenance of water supply systems. This approach promotes ownership and sustainability. 3. Convergence: The mission promotes convergence with various existing schemes and programs related to water supply, sanitation, and hygiene. This ensures efficient utilization of resources and maximi...

In India, like in many other countries, there are several concerns regarding democracy in the digital age. Here are some specific concerns related to India: 1. Spread of disinformation and fake news: India has witnessed a significant spread of disinformation and fake news through digital platforms, particularly social media. False information, rumors, and misinformation can have a detrimental impact on public opinion, communal harmony, and the democratic process. 2. Online harassment and hate speech: The digital age has brought to the forefront issues of online harassment, hate speech, and trolling. Social media platforms have become breeding grounds for hate speech targeting individuals or communities, which can threaten democratic values and social cohesion. 3. Privacy and data protection: With the increasing digital footprint of individuals, concerns about privacy and data protection have become more pronounced. There have been instances of data breaches and unauthorized use of pers...

The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 is indeed a set of secondary or subordinate legislation that supersedes India's Intermediary Guidelines Rules 2011. The 2021 rules have emerged from section 87 of the Information Technology Act, 2000, and are a combination of the draft Intermediaries Rules, 2018, and the OTT Regulation and Code of Ethics for Digital Media. The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 were introduced by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB). The Central Government of India, along with these ministries, played a coordinated role in developing these rules. Intermediaries, which include social media platforms, messaging apps, and other online service providers, were given until 25th May 2021 to comply with the rules. Please note that the Information Technology (Intermediary Guideli...

The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament) in India. The bill aims to amend the existing Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971. The key features of the amendments are as follows: 1. Upper gestation limit: The amendments propose to increase the upper gestation limit from 20 to 24 weeks for specific categories of women, which will be defined in the MTP Rules. These categories will include survivors of rape, victims of incest, differently-abled women, minors, and other vulnerable women. 2. Opinion of providers: Up to 20 weeks of gestation, the termination of pregnancy will require the opinion of only one medical provider. However, for pregnancies between 20 and 24 weeks, the opinion of two medical providers will be necessary. 3. Foetal abnormalities: In cases where there are substantial foetal abnormalities diagnosed by a Medical Board, the upper gestation limit will not apply. The composition, functions, and ...