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Physiography of India

The physiography of India refers to the physical features and landforms that make up the country's geography. India's physiography is characterized by a diverse range of landforms, including mountains, plateaus, plains, and coastal regions. Here are the main physiographic divisions of India:

1. The Himalayan Region: The northern border of India is defined by the majestic Himalayan mountain range. This region consists of three parallel ranges: the Great Himalayas (Himadri), the Lesser Himalayas (Himachal), and the Outer Himalayas (Shiwalik). The Himalayas are home to some of the world's highest peaks, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga.

2. The Northern Plains: South of the Himalayas lies the vast Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the Northern Plains. It is formed by the alluvial deposits brought by the rivers Ganges, Brahmaputra, and their tributaries. This region is highly fertile and supports intensive agriculture. The Thar Desert, a large arid region, is located in the western part of the Northern Plains.

3. The Peninsular Plateau: South of the Northern Plains, the Peninsular Plateau extends across central and southern India. It is a vast region composed of several plateaus and hills. The Deccan Plateau is the largest and occupies most of the southern peninsula. It is made up of basaltic lava flows and is characterized by black soil, which is suitable for agriculture.

4. The Coastal Plains: Surrounding the Peninsular Plateau are the coastal plains, which run along the eastern and western coasts of India. The Eastern Coastal Plains lie between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal, while the Western Coastal Plains are located between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. These plains are characterized by fertile soil, deltas, and estuaries.

5. The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats: The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats are two mountain ranges that run parallel to the western and eastern coasts, respectively. The Western Ghats are more prominent and receive heavy rainfall, leading to the formation of lush forests and numerous rivers. The Eastern Ghats are relatively lower in elevation and have a drier climate.

6. Islands: India is also home to several islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in the Bay of Bengal, while the Lakshadweep Islands are situated in the Arabian Sea. These islands are known for their rich biodiversity, coral reefs, and scenic beauty.

These physiographic divisions contribute to India's varied climate, vegetation, and wildlife. The country's physiography has a significant influence on its agriculture, water resources, and overall natural diversity.

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