The Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is an extensive document with 395 articles spread across 22 parts, alongside 12 schedules.

PREAMBLE

WE,

THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation;

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

PART I: The Union and its Territory

- Articles 1 to 4 cover the Union, states, and new state formations.

PART II: Citizenship

- Articles 5 to 11 deal with citizenship issues.

PART III: Fundamental Rights

- Articles 12 to 35 provide fundamental rights to citizens.

PART IV: Directive Principles of State Policy

- Articles 36 to 51 outline the principles for governance.

PART IVA: Fundamental Duties

Article 51A lists the fundamental duties of citizens.

PART V: The Union

- Articles 52 to 151 cover the executive, parliament, and judiciary of the Union.

PART VI: The States

- Articles 152 to 237 cover the state's executive, legislature, and judiciary.

PART VII: The States in Part B of the First Schedule

- Now repealed.

PART VIII: The Union Territories

- Articles 239 to 242 govern Union Territories.

PART IX: The Panchayats

- Articles 243 to 243O focus on Panchayat administration.

PART IXA: The Municipalities

- Articles 243P to 243ZG cover Municipal governance.

PART IXB: The Co-operative Societies

- Articles 243ZH to 243ZT relate to co-operative societies.

PART X: The Scheduled and Tribal Areas

- Articles 244 to 244A focus on these areas' administration.

PART XI: Relations Between the Union and the States

- Articles 245 to 263 cover legislative and administrative relations.

PART XII: Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits

- Articles 264 to 300A deal with financial matters and property.

PART XIII: Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India

- Articles 301 to 307.

PART XIV: Services Under the Union and the States

- Articles 308 to 323 cover public services.

PART XIVA: Tribunals

- Articles 323A to 323B focus on tribunals.

PART XV: Elections

- Articles 324 to 329A cover the election process.

PART XVI: Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes

- Articles 330 to 342 deal with special provisions for different classes.

PART XVII: Official Language

- Articles 343 to 351 cover the official language.

PART XVIII: Emergency Provisions

- Articles 352 to 360 cover the emergency provisions.

PART XIX: Miscellaneous

- Articles 361 to 367 cover various topics.

PART XX: Amendment of the Constitution

- Article 368 covers constitutional amendments.

PART XXI: Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions

- Articles 369 to 392 deal with these provisions.

PART XXII: Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals

- Articles 393 to 395.

This structure provides a comprehensive framework for the governance of India, ensuring rights and duties for its citizens and defining the powers of its institutions.

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