Hayat Ashraf

चुनावी बॉन्ड पंजीकृत राजनीतिक दलों को चंदा देने के लिए एक वित्तीय साधन है। इसका उद्देश्य राजनीतिक वित्तपोषण में पारदर्शिता को बढ़ाना है। चुनावी बॉण्ड योजना की घोषणा 2017-18 के बजट में की गयी थी। इसके लिए रिज़र्व बैंक एक्ट,1934  तथा जन प्रतिनिधित्व अधिनियम, 1951 में आवश्यक संसोधन किये गए थे। चुनावी बॉन्ड 1,000 रुपए, 10,000 रुपए, एक लाख रुपए, 10 लाख रुपए और एक करोड़ रुपए के गुणकों में उपलब्ध होते है। कोई भी भारतीय नागरिक या संस्था या कंपनी चुनावी बॉन्ड खरीद सकती है। एक व्‍यक्ति एकल रूप से या अन्‍य व्‍यक्तियों के साथ संयुक्‍त रूप से चुनावी बॉण्‍डों की खरीद कर सकता है। चुनावी बॉन्ड खरीदने वालों के नाम को गोपनीय रखा जाता है। बॉन्ड खरीदने वाले को अपनी सारी जानकारी (केवाईसी) बैंक को देनी होती है। बॉन्ड खरीदने वाले को उसका जिक्र अपनी बैलेंस शीट में भी करना होता है। केवल वही राजनीतिक दल चुनावी बॉन्‍ड प्राप्त कर सकते है,  जो लोक प्रतिनिधित्व अधिनियम, 1951 की धारा 29ए के तहत पंजीकृत हो तथा जिन्हें लोक सभा या राज्य विधान सभा के पिछले आम चुनाव में कम से कम एक प्रतिशत मत मिले हो। ...

India Constitution:  All Articles (1-395), Parts and Schedules Indian Constitution Introduction In the Beginning, the British came to India in 1600 as traders, in the form of East India company, later on, they got the exclusive right to trade in India under a charter granted by Queen Elizabeth I. In 1765, the Company, which till now had purely trading functions obtained the ‘diwani’ (i.e., rights over revenue and civil justice) of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. This started its career as a territorial power. In 1858, in the wake of the ‘sepoy mutiny’, the British Crown assumed direct responsibility for the governance of India. This rule continued until India was granted independence on August 15, 1947. With Independence came the need of a Constitution. As suggested by M N. Roy (a pioneer of the communist movement in India) in 1934, a constituent assembly was formed for this purpose in 1946 and on January 26, 1950, the constitution came into being. However, various features o...

The Constitution of India is an extensive document with 395 articles spread across 22 parts, alongside 12 schedules.  PREAMBLE WE,  THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. PART I: The Union and its Territory - Articles 1 to 4 cover the Union, states, and new state formations. PART II: Citizenship - Articles 5 to 11 deal with citizenship issues. PART III: Fundamental Rights - Articles 12 to 35 provide fundamental rights to citizens. PART IV: Directive Principles...

Indian Administrative Serviceb (IAS) officer involves several steps. Here’s a detailed guide: HayatAshraf IAS Coaching and Guidance Program Dr Mukherjee Nagar Delhi  1. Educational Qualification:    - Obtain a Bachelor's degree in any discipline from a recognized university. This is the minimum educational qualification required. 2. Understand the Exam:    - The IAS exam, also known as the Civil Services Examination (CSE), is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) annually. The exam has three stages:      1. Preliminary Examination (Prelims): This is an objective-type test with two papers – General Studies Paper I and General Studies Paper II (CSAT).      2. Main Examination (Mains): This consists of nine papers, of which seven are considered for ranking. These include four General Studies papers, one Essay paper, two Optional Subject papers, and two qualifying papers (one in a modern Indian language...

Recently, NITI Aayog launched the ‘Sampoornata Abhiyan’ witnessing significant participation from citizens across the country.  About Sampoornata Abhiyan: It is a 3-month campaign to undertake a sustained effort to achieve saturation of 6 key indicators in Aspirational Districts and 6 key indicators in Aspirational Blocks across the country. It seeks to achieve saturation in each of the 6 identified indicators in the 112 Aspirational Districts and 500 Aspirational Blocks under the Aspirational Districts Programme and Aspirational Blocks Programme. Key indicators of Aspirational Blocks include:  Percentage of pregnant women registered for Antenatal Care (ANC) within the first trimester; Percentage of persons screened for Diabetes against the targeted population in the Block; Percentage of persons screened for Hypertension against the targeted population in the Block; Percentage of pregnant women taking Supplementary Nutrition under the ICDS Programme regularly; P...

Ahom era 'Moidams', resting place of royal families, in Assam's Charaideo district have been recommended for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List by its international advisory body International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS).  About International Council on Monuments and Sites: It was established in 1965 in Warsaw (Poland) as a result of the Venice Charter of 1964 and offers advice to UNESCO on World Heritage Sites. It is an international non-governmental organisation that is comprised of professionals, experts, representatives from local authorities, companies and heritage organisations, and is dedicated to the conservation and enhancement of the architectural and landscape heritage throughout the world. Key facts about Moidams The Moidams (also Maidams) are the mound-burial system of the Ahom dynasty (13th century-19th century). The mound-burial system of the royals of the Ahom dynasty in Assam’s Charaideo district can be likened to the royal tombs...

Recently, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has issued guidelines for funding of testing facilities, infrastructure, and institutional support for the development of standards and regulatory framework under the National Green Hydrogen Mission.  About National Green Hydrogen Mission: It was approved by the Union Cabinet on January 4, 2023. Aim: To make India a Global Hub for producing, utilising and exporting Green Hydrogen and its derivatives. What are the components of the scheme? The Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition Programme (SIGHT): Under this two distinct financial incentive mechanisms will be provided  Targeting domestic manufacturing of electrolysers and Production of Green Hydrogen The Mission will also support pilot projects in emerging end-use sectors and production pathways.  Regions capable of supporting large-scale production and/or utilization of Hydrogen will be identified and developed as Green Hydrogen Hubs....