The Essay paper in the UPSC Civil Services Examination tests clarity of thought, balance of judgment, coherence, and depth of understanding. It is not a test of information alone but of perspective, structure, and expression. Candidates must write two essays, selecting one topic from each section. Topics are usually philosophical, social, political, economic, environmental, ethical, or related to governance and technology. Understanding the nature of these topics is essential for scoring well. Philosophical and abstract topics are frequently asked. These may include themes like truth, freedom, values, happiness, or morality. Such topics require interpretation before writing. The candidate must identify the core idea, define key terms, and explore multiple dimensions. For example, a topic on freedom can be discussed in political, social, economic, and psychological contexts. It may include constitutional rights, freedom of speech, economic independence, and inner freedom. Th...