Hayat Ashraf

General Studies For UPSC  History of Bihar By Hayat Ashraf The history of Bihar is one of the most varied in India. Bihar consists of three distinct regions, each has its own distinct history and culture.  They are Magadha, Mithila and Bhojpur. Chirand, on the northern bank of the Ganga River, in Saran district, has an archaeological record dating from the Neolithic age (c. 2500 – 1345 BC). Regions of Bihar—such as Magadha, Mithila and Anga—are mentioned in religious texts and epics of ancient India. Mithila is believed to be the centre of Indian power in the Later Vedic period (c. 1100 – 500 BC). Mithila first gained prominence after the establishment of the ancient Videha Kingdom  The kings of the Videha were called Janakas. A daughter of one of the Janaks of Mithila, Sita, is mentioned as consort of Lord Rama in the Hindu epic Ramayana. The kingdom later became incorporated into the Vajjika League which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also...

Proportional Representation (PR) is a electoral system where the distribution of seats corresponds closely to the proportion of total votes cast for each political party. Implementing PR in Indian democracy would have several implications and benefits. Representation Accuracy PR ensures that political parties are represented in proportion to their overall support. This can lead to a more accurate reflection of the diverse political landscape in India, allowing smaller parties and minority interests to have a voice in policymaking. Reduced Wasted Votes  In the current first-past-the-post system, votes for losing candidates in a constituency have no impact. PR reduces wasted votes, as even parties without a majority in any specific constituency can gain representation based on their overall share of votes. Minority Representation PR tends to enhance the representation of minority groups. By allocating seats based on the percentage of votes received, it provides an opportu...